文章

[SVG动画] 制作一个中二的魔法阵

效果图

点击这里查看效果(anime.js 版)(效果更酷炫)

点击这里查看效果(css 版)(只有旋转)

制作过程

准备工作

首先我们得准备一个好看的 svg 的魔法阵，虽然这种东西好难找的，我在谷歌上面也没找到几个。如果找不到的话也可以自己绘制。有的 svg 把所有内容糊成一团，像这样

<svg>
  <path
    d="m 986.12925,2043.1921 c -23.7791,-16.1585 -32.98053,-50.8986 -20.71837,-78.2223 l 5.2455,-11.6886 -5.42421,-3.9246 c -2.98336,-2.1585 -7.82902,-6.0618 -10.76817,-8.6739 l -5.34389,-4.7491 4.84442,-8.2666 c 4.55429,-7.7712 4.65711,-8.4536 1.71667,-11.394 -2.94044,-2.9404 -3.24922,-2.9009 -5.15554,0.6612 -1.93073,3.6075 -2.19135,3.4852 -5.44426,-2.5552 -3.34551,-6.2121 -3.7266,-6.3709 -18.33127,-7.6387 -8.20304,-0.712 -27.55595,-3.271 -43.00644,-5.6865 -144.30641,-22.561 -284.80498,-82.3913 -400.84417,-170.6967 -38.23827,-29.0992 -57.58682,-46.1652 -95.93406,-84.6165 l -37.82016,-37.9227 -26.75084,-0.1187 c -18.30367,-0.081 -31.7027,-1.1669 -42.43237,-3.4375 -18.12717,-3.8363 -46.12215,-13.5415 -46.12215,-15.9895 0,-2.2941 2.48101,-2.1217 18.44886,1.2821 16.00506,3.4117 55.78338,2.5799 70.53478,-1.4749 l 8.73117,-2.4001 -10.71375,-13.4726 -10.71374,-13.4727 -14.6214,-0.8512 c -32.49446,-1.8918 -59.80105,-13.8117 -82.13111,-35.852 -7.71021,-7.6102 -15.66327,-16.2213 -17.67339,-19.1359 -2.79716,-4.0555 -4.56831,-5.0092 -7.54725,-4.0637 -3.08206,0.9782 -3.87235,2.6877 -3.79616,8.2115 0.23184,16.8166 -16.64658,24.7836 -28.14514,13.2851 -10.99269,-10.9927 -4.29404,-28.6538 10.8681,-28.6538 4.66018,0 8.84487,1.2823 11.23049,3.4413 3.26404,2.9539 4.26458,3.0872 7.06567,0.9413 1.79477,-1.375 3.48148,-2.6072 3.74825,-2.7384 0.2669,-0.131 -1.63321,-5.0283 -4.22226,-10.8827 -14.8736,-33.6319........."
  />
</svg>
<svg>
  <path
    d="m 986.12925,2043.1921 c -23.7791,-16.1585 -32.98053,-50.8986 -20.71837,-78.2223 l 5.2455,-11.6886 -5.42421,-3.9246 c -2.98336,-2.1585 -7.82902,-6.0618 -10.76817,-8.6739 l -5.34389,-4.7491 4.84442,-8.2666 c 4.55429,-7.7712 4.65711,-8.4536 1.71667,-11.394 -2.94044,-2.9404 -3.24922,-2.9009 -5.15554,0.6612 -1.93073,3.6075 -2.19135,3.4852 -5.44426,-2.5552 -3.34551,-6.2121 -3.7266,-6.3709 -18.33127,-7.6387 -8.20304,-0.712 -27.55595,-3.271 -43.00644,-5.6865 -144.30641,-22.561 -284.80498,-82.3913 -400.84417,-170.6967 -38.23827,-29.0992 -57.58682,-46.1652 -95.93406,-84.6165 l -37.82016,-37.9227 -26.75084,-0.1187 c -18.30367,-0.081 -31.7027,-1.1669 -42.43237,-3.4375 -18.12717,-3.8363 -46.12215,-13.5415 -46.12215,-15.9895 0,-2.2941 2.48101,-2.1217 18.44886,1.2821 16.00506,3.4117 55.78338,2.5799 70.53478,-1.4749 l 8.73117,-2.4001 -10.71375,-13.4726 -10.71374,-13.4727 -14.6214,-0.8512 c -32.49446,-1.8918 -59.80105,-13.8117 -82.13111,-35.852 -7.71021,-7.6102 -15.66327,-16.2213 -17.67339,-19.1359 -2.79716,-4.0555 -4.56831,-5.0092 -7.54725,-4.0637 -3.08206,0.9782 -3.87235,2.6877 -3.79616,8.2115 0.23184,16.8166 -16.64658,24.7836 -28.14514,13.2851 -10.99269,-10.9927 -4.29404,-28.6538 10.8681,-28.6538 4.66018,0 8.84487,1.2823 11.23049,3.4413 3.26404,2.9539 4.26458,3.0872 7.06567,0.9413 1.79477,-1.375 3.48148,-2.6072 3.74825,-2.7384 0.2669,-0.131 -1.63321,-5.0283 -4.22226,-10.8827 -14.8736,-33.6319........."
  />
</svg>

整个图片就一个 path，这样是没法把魔法阵拆成几个部分来独立控制的（耐心好的话可以自己拆），我们需要的是把整个魔法阵分成多个 path 来绘制的 svg，比如 demo 中使用的 (来源：pixiv 画师：sharkpp） 。对这个 svg 进行了一些改造，为每个 path 增加了 class 方便之后使用 css/js 操作

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  <path
    id="path1"
    class="scale0"
    sodipodi:cx="251.04517"
    sodipodi:cy="248.84302"
    sodipodi:rx="122.21935"
    sodipodi:ry="122.21935"
    sodipodi:type="arc"
    fill="#1da57a"
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    stroke-width="3.0174"
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  <path
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    inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
    fill="none"
    stroke="#ffffff"
    stroke-width="3"
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    sodipodi:cx="248.29247"
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    sodipodi:sides="8"
    sodipodi:type="star"
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  />
  <path
    id="path10"
    sodipodi:cx="256"
    class="scale1"
    sodipodi:cy="258.20215"
    sodipodi:rx="93.5914"
    sodipodi:ry="93.5914"
    sodipodi:type="arc"
    fill="none"
    stroke="#1da57a"
    stroke-width="1.733"
    d="M418,256c0,89.5-72.5,162-162,162S94,345.5,94,256S166.5,94,256,94S418,166.5,418,256z"
  />
  <path
    id="path11"
    class="clockwise-long"
    inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
    fill="none"
    stroke="#1da57a"
    stroke-width="3"
    d="M227.4,58.1c-15.9,2.3-31.2,6.4-45.6,12.2l29.4,18.6L227.4,58.1z M284.6,58.1l16.2,30.8l29.4-18.6C315.7,64.5,300.5,60.4,284.6,58.1zM132.3,98.9c-12.4,9.8-23.6,21-33.4,33.4l34.8,1.4L132.3,98.9L132.3,98.9z M379.7,98.9l-1.4,34.8l34.8-1.4C403.3,119.9,392.1,108.7,379.7,98.9z M70.3,181.8c-5.8,14.5-9.9,29.7-12.2,45.6l30.8-16.2L70.3,181.8z M441.7,181.8l-18.6,29.4l30.8,16.2C451.6,211.5,447.5,196.3,441.7,181.8z M58.1,284.6c2.3,15.9,6.4,31.2,12.2,45.6l18.6-29.4L58.1,284.6z M453.9,284.6l-30.8,16.2l18.6,29.4C447.5,315.7,451.6,300.5,453.9,284.6L453.9,284.6z M133.7,378.3l-34.8,1.4c9.8,12.4,21,23.6,33.4,33.4L133.7,378.3z M378.3,378.3l1.4,34.8c12.4-9.8,23.6-21,33.4-33.4L378.3,378.3z M211.2,423.1l-29.4,18.6c14.5,5.8,29.7,9.9,45.6,12.2L211.2,423.1L211.2,423.1z M300.8,423.1l-16.2,30.8c15.9-2.3,31.2-6.4,45.6-12.2L300.8,423.1L300.8,423.1z"
  />
  <path
    id="path12"
    class="clockwise-long"
    inkscape:flatsided="false"
    inkscape:randomized="0"
    inkscape:rounded="0"
    sodipodi:arg1="0.52359878"
    sodipodi:arg2="0.78539817"
    sodipodi:cx="254.34839"
    sodipodi:cy="256"
    sodipodi:r1="183.68288"
    sodipodi:r2="125.9413"
    sodipodi:sides="12"
    sodipodi:type="star"
    fill="none"
    stroke="#1da57a"
    stroke-width="2.3143"
    d="M462.2,375.1l-90.8-3.6l3.6,90.8l-76.8-48.5L256,494.1l-42.3-80.4l-76.8,48.5l3.6-90.8l-90.8,3.6l48.5-76.8L17.9,256l80.4-42.3l-48.5-76.8l90.8,3.6l-3.6-90.8l76.8,48.5L256,17.9l42.3,80.4l76.8-48.5l-3.6,90.8l90.8-3.6l-48.5,76.8l80.4,42.3l-80.4,42.3L462.2,375.1z"
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  <path
    id="path13"
    class="clockwise-long"
    inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
    fill="none"
    stroke="#1da57a"
    stroke-width="3"
    d="M256,34.7l-32.9,62.6c10.6-2.2,21.6-3.4,32.9-3.4c11.3,0,22.3,1.2,32.9,3.4L256,34.7z M145.3,64.3l2.8,70.8c16.4-14.6,35.7-25.9,57-33L145.3,64.3zM366.7,64.3l-59.8,37.8c21.3,7,40.6,18.4,57,33L366.7,64.3z M64.3,145.3l37.8,59.8c7-21.3,18.4-40.6,33-57L64.3,145.3zM447.7,145.3l-70.8,2.8c14.6,16.4,25.9,35.7,33,57L447.7,145.3z M97.3,223.1L34.7,256l62.6,32.9C95.1,278.3,94,267.3,94,256C94,244.7,95.1,233.7,97.3,223.1z M414.7,223.1c2.2,10.6,3.4,21.6,3.4,32.9c0,11.3-1.2,22.3-3.4,32.9l62.6-32.9L414.7,223.1zM102.1,306.8l-37.8,59.8l70.8-2.8C120.5,347.5,109.2,328.1,102.1,306.8z M409.9,306.8c-7,21.3-18.4,40.6-33,57l70.8,2.8L409.9,306.8L409.9,306.8z M148.2,376.9l-2.8,70.8l59.8-37.8C183.9,402.8,164.5,391.5,148.2,376.9z M363.8,376.9c-16.4,14.6-35.7,25.9-57,33l59.8,37.8L363.8,376.9z M223.1,414.7l32.9,62.6l32.9-62.6c-10.6,2.2-21.6,3.4-32.9,3.4C244.7,418,233.7,416.9,223.1,414.7L223.1,414.7z"
  />
  <path
    id="path14"
    class="clockwise-long"
    inkscape:connector-curvature="0"
    fill="none"
    stroke="#1da57a"
    stroke-width="3"
    d="M256,52l-11.9,22.6L256,92.8l11.9-18.2L256,52z M154,79.4l1,25.4l19.3,9.8l1.2-21.6L154,79.4L154,79.4z M358,79.4L336.4,93l1.2,21.6l19.3-9.8L358,79.4L358,79.4z M79.4,154L93,175.6l21.6-1.2l-9.8-19.3L79.4,154z M432.6,154l-25.4,1l-9.8,19.3l21.6,1.2L432.6,154z M74.6,244.1L52,256l22.6,11.9L92.8,256L74.6,244.1z M437.4,244.1L419.2,256l18.2,11.9L460,256L437.4,244.1z M93,336.4L79.4,358l25.4-1l9.8-19.3L93,336.4z M419,336.4l-21.6,1.2l9.8,19.3l25.4,1L419,336.4z M174.4,397.4l-19.3,9.8l-1,25.4l21.5-13.6L174.4,397.4L174.4,397.4zM337.6,397.4l-1.2,21.6l21.5,13.6l-1-25.4L337.6,397.4L337.6,397.4z M256,419.2l-11.9,18.2L256,460l11.9-22.6L256,419.2z"
  />
</svg>

可以看到每个 path 都有一个 class，之后我们会用在 anime.js 中用 CSS 选择器对这些 path 进行变换。

旋转的魔法阵

这一部分比较简单，CSS 动画也可以做到。原理就是 CSS3 的 transform: rotate()属性，然后对不同 class 使用不同的旋转方向和速度。

@keyframes rotate-clockwise {
  0% {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
}
@keyframes rotate-counterclockwise {
  0% {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
  }
}
.clockwise {
  animation: rotate-clockwise 5s linear 0s infinite;
}
.counterclockwise {
  animation: rotate-counterclockwise 5s linear 0s infinite;
}
.clockwise-long {
  animation: rotate-clockwise 20s linear 0s infinite;
}
.counterclockwise-long {
  animation: rotate-counterclockwise 30s linear 0s infinite;
}
path {
  transform-origin: center;
}
@keyframes rotate-clockwise {
  0% {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
}
@keyframes rotate-counterclockwise {
  0% {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
  }
}
.clockwise {
  animation: rotate-clockwise 5s linear 0s infinite;
}
.counterclockwise {
  animation: rotate-counterclockwise 5s linear 0s infinite;
}
.clockwise-long {
  animation: rotate-clockwise 20s linear 0s infinite;
}
.counterclockwise-long {
  animation: rotate-counterclockwise 30s linear 0s infinite;
}
path {
  transform-origin: center;
}

值得注意的是 transform-origin 属性，如果 transform-origin 不在圆心的话旋转起来就会鬼畜。

anime({
  targets: '.clockwise',
  rotate: ['0deg', '360deg'],
  loop: true,
  duration: 5000,
  easing: 'linear',
  offset: 0,
})
anime({
  targets: '.counterclockwise',
  rotate: ['360deg', '0deg'],
  loop: true,
  duration: 10000,
  easing: 'linear',
  offset: 0,
})
 
// ... and more
anime({
  targets: '.clockwise',
  rotate: ['0deg', '360deg'],
  loop: true,
  duration: 5000,
  easing: 'linear',
  offset: 0,
})
anime({
  targets: '.counterclockwise',
  rotate: ['360deg', '0deg'],
  loop: true,
  duration: 10000,
  easing: 'linear',
  offset: 0,
})
 
// ... and more

anime.js 的操作方法类似，不过注意不建议用 timeline。每个 class 旋转的周期不一样，用 timeline 会造成周期短的旋转完停下来等待，除非强行按比例缩放 duration 和 totate 角度让所有图案的旋转周期相同（最小公倍数？）。

魔法阵的出现动画

这个完全就发挥想象力了，可以变换的内容很多，比如 scale, rotate, translate, dasharray 甚至 rotate3D，怎么喜欢怎么来就行。这里就用 anime.js 了，毕竟 CSS 莫法控制动画完成后操作（魔法阵旋转）

var rotateloop = function () {
  anime({
    targets: '.clockwise',
    rotate: ['0deg', '360deg'],
    loop: true,
    duration: 5000,
    easing: 'linear',
    offset: 0,
  })
  //...
  //跟上面那段的代码一样，洗净备好，稍后再用
}
var rotateloop = function () {
  anime({
    targets: '.clockwise',
    rotate: ['0deg', '360deg'],
    loop: true,
    duration: 5000,
    easing: 'linear',
    offset: 0,
  })
  //...
  //跟上面那段的代码一样，洗净备好，稍后再用
}
$(document).ready(function () {
  document.getElementById('demo').style.display = 'block'
  var timeline = anime.timeline()
  timeline
    .add({
      targets: '.counterclockwise',
      strokeDasharray: {
        value: [(el) => `0 ${anime.setDashoffset(el) / 8}`, (el) => `${anime.setDashoffset(el) / 8} ${0}`],
        duration: 2000,
      },
      rotate: ['360deg', '-360deg'],
      duration: 10000,
      easing: 'linear',
      offset: 0,
    })
    .add({
      targets: '.scale0',
      scale: [0.001, 1],
      duration: 3500,
      elasticity: 20,
      offset: 500,
    })
  // ... and more
})
$(document).ready(function () {
  document.getElementById('demo').style.display = 'block'
  var timeline = anime.timeline()
  timeline
    .add({
      targets: '.counterclockwise',
      strokeDasharray: {
        value: [(el) => `0 ${anime.setDashoffset(el) / 8}`, (el) => `${anime.setDashoffset(el) / 8} ${0}`],
        duration: 2000,
      },
      rotate: ['360deg', '-360deg'],
      duration: 10000,
      easing: 'linear',
      offset: 0,
    })
    .add({
      targets: '.scale0',
      scale: [0.001, 1],
      duration: 3500,
      elasticity: 20,
      offset: 500,
    })
  // ... and more
})

我们可以在 timeline 上对

  • rotate[X/Y/Z/3D] 旋转
  • translate[X/Y/Z] 平移
  • scale 缩放
  • strokeDasharray 虚线实-虚样式 参见 MDN
  • strokeDashoffset 虚线样式偏移 参见 MDN
  • 还有路径变形(morphing)，填充(fill)，遮罩(mask)之类的动画

不过由于 anime.js 自身的限制（倒不如说是 anime.js 不会合并 transform），同一个元素的 transform 不能分开到两个 anime 对象中（每个对象都是独立运行的）,这样只会有后一个生效，例如

anime({
  targers: '#demo',
  rotate: '30deg',
})
anime({
  targers: '#demo',
  scale: 1.5,
})
 
//或者
anime
  .timeline()
  .add({
    targers: '#demo',
    rotate: '30deg',
  })
  .add({
    targers: '#demo',
    scale: 1.5,
  })
anime({
  targers: '#demo',
  rotate: '30deg',
})
anime({
  targers: '#demo',
  scale: 1.5,
})
 
//或者
anime
  .timeline()
  .add({
    targers: '#demo',
    rotate: '30deg',
  })
  .add({
    targers: '#demo',
    scale: 1.5,
  })

然后就是各种参数的设定了，要注意动画的连续性（比如转到 30° 突然变回 0° 开始转），这里我是算好了旋转的速度然后根据 duration 计算旋转角度。最后就是可以用一些缓动函数来让魔法阵显得不那么生硬。

参考资料

  1. Anime.js Documentation

  2. 缓动函数速查表

  3. MDN SVG

还有可以百度/谷歌到的各种 svg 动画的做法

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